Self-sealing shingle



Jan, 26, 1954 Filed Oct. 28, 1948 G. W. CLARVOE ETAL SELF-SEALINGSHINGLE 2 Sheets-Sheet l /A/ l/e/v Toes. G50/E65 M CML@ V05.

ATTORNEY Jan. 26, 1954 G. w. cLARvoE Erm.

SELF-SEALING SHINGLE Filed 001'.. 28, 1948 2 Sheetsf-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYPatented Jan. 26, 1954 UN IIT ED-l PATENT OFFICE SELF-SEALING SHINGLE.

George W; Clarvoe, Somerville; NQ J and Leudal W. lfomeroml deceased,late; of- Newark, N. J i, b'y-'Edith A'...Pomeroy, administratrix,Newark;4 N. J assignorsf-:t:Johns-Manvillefcorporation,, NewYork-Na Y.,.aworporation of New 'York-- ApplicationOctober 28, 1948, Serial N o.56,932

9 Claims.-4 (Cl. 10S-7) The'instant invention relatesto exible roofiriglor'sidi'ng shingle'sand like covering elmentsrand,

more particularly, to an improved kshingle@which; provides la commercialsolution of the problem raised by the tendency of unsecuredfl exposureportions off'sueh elements to lift andcurlundr" This application A theinfluence i of high winds. isa continuation in partof the co'pendingappli- The i conventional,

primary example of the shingle which presents thefproblemunderidiscussion', and the following description will bei'dir'ected'particularly toL it," but itwilif be understood that the invention isecnifallyV applicable to othercoveringfelements whereisiinie la-rproblems are involved-.- The liftingi or` curling' of the Atabs ishighly objectionable as it' not'onl-y imparts 'an unsightiyappearance totheT roof`A or wall, but permits the accessiof rain, snow- 'and the:

like to the underlying roofstructure. Further more., in iunsually: highvwinds-'or Where? the` vtabs are repeatedly lifted or bent they may beentirely.5

torn away;

Numerous proposals 1 have been `made hereto'- foreA in. attempts'.`tovsolvey thesediiiiculti'esrL but none of the: prior proposals 'hasproved to :be :or suiicient merit for' ccmfnnercialladption;A Forexample, it has been suggestedrthatan adhesive such'as asphaltbe'fapp'lied to thefu'nderriacel of the `tabs after'the shingles havelbeen laid-'to AseL cure' the tabs to the underlying rooflstructure, butthe extra labor involved andith'efmessiness of thefoperation'haveprevented ithis.' expedient from going intowide use. Also, a numberofldiierent attemptshavebeen madetoapply stripesof adi hesivetothefund'er facesof 'thei tabs, orto the upper facesf of the: headlap'portion I where they Willi' be" overlapped by "the tabs; offanextfhigher course, duringfmanufacture oflthe sl'iingles.` As willVbeY appreciated',l forthese `proposalsctoibe suc.- cessfulitis-necessary fortheadhesive stripesto be :of a character `to Vadhere.the shingles whenilaid and at the'same timenot toistick tlfreshinglestogether in the bundle! to such an extent that they will` be injured whenseparated; The:- principal prior efforts in this connection'haveapproached the problem from the standpoint of originally coveringthe stripe of adhesive :with an'anti-'stick material `which will preventtheadhesion of 'the shingles in the bundle but whichvvill` Wash away orotherwise; lose itsprotecting function-.when

the' shingles are laidf Because of vthe failure of. the expedientsemployed to adequately'accom plish' these `results or 'the high cost anddiiculties of employingthe special compoundsrequired; orboth, theseproposalsfhave failed of adoption for commercial producticn.

The principalobjectof 'the instant invention is rthe'provision yof'aexibleshingle or like'covering "element having a`factoryeappliedadhesive,

patch,4 suitably' in the fern-r ofla stripe or spot,V of a character andlocation to insure adherence of the exposed butttab of a-shingle to :anunderlying shingle or other supporting structure. other object of theinvention'iisthe Provision of such shingle which'can readily-befseparated lfrom a-bundle of like shingleswithoutinjury, even lat.

the Vrelatively 'extreme elevatedtemperatures nor--l mally encountered'iny` the bundlesf in shipment and storage prior toapplication;V Inaccord-anceA with the instant invention' theshingles.' are ar'-A rangedin the-bundles: inl pai-rs withV correspond-vl ingv sides offeach 'pairadjoining; and zwith aepatch of adhesive secured Ito both; iThexadhesiveis of such character that f it .may be readilyffra'ctured,even at the extremes-cof the-temperatures' norinallyencounteredinth'elbundlesg to separate the` shingles and fprovide an kadhesive.area on leach'- shingle and, when fractured; will-1` present bright.'clean surfaces: These surfaces have'wetting and adhesive properties,particularly under Asolar radiation whereby;4 when thefshinglesiarelaid, the 'adhesive will, underinormal conditions of use; Wet and adhereto an'underlying` surface such as-the granularrsurface'of Fashingie of alower course.

A still Tfurther' object of vthe i invention, in yone embodiment, is theprovision of a shingle carryingvv a second patchl ofadhesive'in'position to be contacted byl the' iirsteinentionedA adhesiveof a lapping shingle.

A" still further object'of'theinvention is -the provision of a shinglebundle `comprising a `plurality of pairs of shingles with theshingleszof each pai-r securedtogether by adhesive of the type referredtoabove."

Our invention will bemore fullyunderstood and further objects: andadvantages :will appear when referenceis madeftotheAfollowing--:detailed description 'oi Ta,preferredfernbodirnentof theinvention 1 and: tot the accompanying drawings l. in' which:

Fig;` 1` is a" perspectiveeview-A of af shingle -embodyingfthe instantinvention, the shingle being inverted to .show its under lface;

Eig.Y` 2 :is fasectional view 'on Aan enlarged "scale, takenoiithelneZ-Zaof Fignl Fig. 3 is a View of a section of a roof covered withshingles of the instant invention;

Fig. 4 is a sectional View taken through a roof section such as that inFig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the arrangement of theshingles in the bundle or package;

Fig. 6 is a perspective View illustrating the manner of separating theshingles of a pair in preparation for laying;

Fig. 7 is a plan View illustrating the arrangement of the lanes ofadhesive on the shingles during their manufacture, the gure alsoillustrating a further feature of the invention;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a shingle illustrating a modification ofthe invention;

Fig. 9 is a View similar to Fig. 4 of shingles in laid relationship on aroof, the shingles, however, being of the modied form of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view illustrating the arrangement of themodified shingles in a bundle or package; and

Fig. ll is a view similar to Fig. l illustrating a modified arrangementof the adhesive.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1 6 inclusive, the invention isshown as embodied in an otherwise conventional strip shingle lil. Suchconventional strip shingles, as is well known in the art, are usuallyprepared from a roofing felt I2 (see Fig. 2) as a base, the felt beingsaturated with a waterproofing compound such as a relatively low meltpoint asphalt. On the surface to be placed uppermost, a suitableweather-protecting covering is used which may take diirerent specificforms but in a simple form, as shown, consists of a coating Ill ofrelatively high melt point asphalt and a surfacing i5 of a mineral grit,such as crushed slate. The under face of the shingle may carry a thinback coating of asphalt and a surfacing of mica, talc or the like (notshown). The exposure area of the shingle is divided into a plurality oftabs I8 by slots or cut-outs 2D extending from the butt edge 22 to aheadlap area 24 whereby, when the shingles are laid as illustrated inFig. 3, they simulate the appearance of s;

a plurality of individual shingles. Due to the flexible characteristicsof a shingle of this type and to the fact that, in the normal case thetabs IS are entirely unsecured, it frequently happens, as

pointed out above, that the tabs are lifted or curled back and sometimescompletely torn off under the action of high Winds.

In accordance with the instant invention the shingles are provided withmeans to positively secure the tabs to an underlying course, this meanscomprising a patch 26 of a fracturable adhesive of a character to wetand adhere to a juxtaposed surface, particularly when the shingle issubjected to solar radiation at normal temperatures. The patch ofadhesive preferably takes the form of a continuous lane or stripeextending across, or substantially across, the shingle tab, as shown inFigs. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10, but it may consist of a spot or a seriesof spots of adhesive, as illustrated, for example, at i9 in Fig. ll.Consequently it will be understood that, when the terms lanes or stripesare used hereinafter, they should be construed in a sense to includeboth continuous and discontinuous bands and also adhesive patches ofother shapes and extent providing a sufcient adhesive area to secure thetabs to the underlying shingles or roof structure. The adhesive stripeis preferably placed, as shown, on the under face of the shingle at oradjacent, say within 1/2 of, the butt edges of the tabs whereby, whenthe shingles are laid up as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the tabs willbe secured at their butt edges to prevent lifting. The stripes may be ofdifferent widths, depending upon the area of adhesion desired. Forexample, the width may be from to 2 Where the stripes extend across, orsubstantially across, the shingle tab. 'Ihe thickness of the stripes isnot critical as long as suicient material is present to provide a fullcementing contact with the rough granular surface of an underlyingshingle, such thickness being, say, .020".

The fracturable nature of the adhesive is utilized to enable theshingles to be readily separated in the bundle and is also utilized tosecure the bright, clean, fractured surfaces needed to insure adherenceto a roof surface, such as the granular surface of the shingleoverlapped. In the preparation of the shingles of Figs. 1 and 2,adhesive lanes are applied to the under face of the roong sheet afterany other coating and surfacing operations are performed and suitablyprior to its separation into individual strip shingles. One manner inwhich the adhesive stripes may be applied and the shingles cut from aroofing sheet of a width to accommodate two lanes of shingles isdiagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 7, the adhesive stripes being shownat 29. Alternatively, the adhesive stripes may be applied to theshingles after completion of the normal operations. The application ismade, say, by narrow coating rolls or the like (not shown) located toapply the adhesive lanes to the under surface of the sheet or the cutshingles, as the case may be, at or, say, within 1/2" of the butt edges.

The shingles carrying the stripes of adhesive are paired with theadhesive stripes of each pair in contiguous relationship and packages orbundles are made up of a plurality of such pairs, with alternate pairspreferably having their butt edges at opposite sides of the package, asillustrated in Fig. 5. The contiguous stripes of adhesive weld togetherto become, in effect, a single, homogeneous, relatively heavy or thickstripe 28 (see Fig. 5) securing the shingles of each pair together.

Upon opening the bundle to remove the shingles for application to a roofor side wall, the shingles of each pair may be readily separated byfracturing the connecting stripe of adhesive compound, even at thehighest temperatures which are normally encountered in the bundles inshipment and when stored in the open in the summer months at the sceneof application. The latter '5 temperatures may run in the order of 130F.

or above. This is suitably done by grasping the shingles adjacent theiredges opposite the butts and moving them apart, as illustrated in Fig.6. The frangible nature of the adhesive and its rm adherence to the rearfaces of the shingles permits it to break or fracture intermediate itsthickness to leave a nal lane 26 at or adjacent the butt edge of each ofthe shingles. The shingles are then laid in the customary manner and,after a suitable period of time, the length of which will depend uponthe weather conditions to which the roof is subjected, the adhesive willwet and adhere to the underlying shingle or other supporting structureto secure the tabs against lifting.

Various thermoplastic compounds fracturable at normal temperatures andhaving the ability to wet and adhere to surfaces such as the granularsurfaces of shingles, may be employed. The compounds preferred for thispurpose are petroleum resins, pressure still pitches,

accenni coa-1 tar pitches r andxelated :bitumens of similar:

characteristics `or: withoutadditional mod-ie.

'ers; suchfas/various'ltypesvofipetroleum; coal r tar `or lnaturalor:synthetic.resinsgthecompounds having physical propertieslying:within.1orsub=- stantiallywithin the-limits *givenebelow r'Typical examples ofaspecifc compounds: meeta ing the :abovefrequirementsare as .follows Infztheaabove forn'iulae` themelting. pointsaredetermined by'thef.conventionalring' and ball The petroleum resinsin.Examples. '2. and.

test. 4f are' resins s ofhigh' susceptibility and havingmelting-pointsfof the-.orderof 130 Compounds -meetingzr thee: above..requirements are hard and frangible at normal tempsratures1-.1

whereby" they may-fbereadily fractured but still have-fthefabllityatozwet and adhere to other surfaces-z. They are:v inexpensiveand" may be easily applied. It will be understoodithat the terminologynormal temperatures or normal ambient temperaturesf asv`employecl'herein refers to that range of temperatures-Pto'which thebundles of shingles may normally be expected.v to. be vsubjected inshipment or. in storageat the' scene of application of` the .shingles'toa building; a range which thusA may, extend from substantially belowroom temperatures-tothe more significant elevated temperatures. rangingas high as'130'F.'and above, as reached -in-the bundles stored in theopen on warm. summer. days andparticularly under a brightsun.

In'asmuch'asit' is preferred that the patch or lane of adhesive 28connecting the shingles of a pair be divided relatively equally betweenthe shingles after their separation, means may be employed to controlthe line of fracture. Referring particularly to Fig. '7, this means mayconsist of a discontinuous layer 30 of a parting compound, such as talc,silica dust, slate dust, mica, or the like, or an inorganic,water-soluble salt such as sodium chloride or a water-soluble compoundsuch as glue, gelatin, sugar, or the like, applied to the adhesive lane29 on one or both of the shingles of the pair prior to their beingplaced together. The term discontinuous as applied.:v to." the: layer.of parting compound@l means thatthe layer isnot lof such. chareacterL asvto prevent '.'consolidationi .or-'welding of:`

the lanes.' in` otheriwords the .layer isrela;

- tively thin and spotty whereby iti merely provides a weakened zone inthe composite stripe of adhesive'tformedxby. thewelding `ofthe.indivi'dual lanes: As azresult, when separating forces are -appliedrto.the pair of shingles, fracture will.; tend-toJtake vplacezalong theweakenedztzone :andd the lanes of i adhesive-*remainingfaon :.eachof:the 1 shingles will bel of :approximately uniform and equal thickness;Furthermore;the-parting come pound, when used in adiscontinuous layerofthis type, will not prevent' the'adhesive/ lanesefrom. performing their'cementing function after appli'cation` of the shingles. Where amaterial. such as salt; sugar or'other'water-soluble compound is used asthe partingl` material.. the:

'natural moisturewhich enters-to some extent.

between the shingles Yduring rain storms. or during-A conditions ofhighv humidity,r will.v dissolve'V and. wash away the-material toeliminate -any'ly possibility of substantial interference withtheadhering functions of theadhesive lanes,

Referring .now to Figs. 8-10 inclusive, a modiflcation of the inventionis disclosed in which, in` addition to the stripe of-.adhesiveunderlying the"r butt portion of the shingle, such stripe being-re"y Iferred to in these figures by vthe referenoecharacter 32, a secondstripe of adhesive34 mayfbe. employed in position tobe overlapped bythev entire width, ora portion of the width, of the adhesive stripe 32of'the shingle of van overlying course when the shingles are laidwiththe-'normal overlap.- For this purpose stripe34is placed at oradjacent the topsY of-th-e slots.l depending upon whether the stripes-32 are ator somewhat removed from the .butt edges. Stripes A3llfmaylbe` from 1/2 to 2'. inwidth, similarly as the. stripes adjacentthe buttedges:

The compound makingr up adhesive lane 32VA is preferably thesame asthatvemployedinthe embodiment of Figs. I-Tinclusive. Thecompound -foradhesive lane :34 may-falso be the same compound .previously describedor, in this-case, may be simply. a conventional.shinglercoatingasphalt,inasmuch -asit functions-mainly asav receiving.- surface foradherence ofvthe lanes .-321

- Lane 34v is provided witha continuouscovering# 36 of a partingcompound, suitably any of those referred to above. The'shingles.arefpairedas. before with adhesive lanes 32 `in 'juxtaposedreflationship whereby, they weldV togetherfto form asubstantially integral,homogeneous, relatively thickconnecting. link between'the shingles. Inthe bundle the pairs are placed as before withy the butt edgesofalternate pairs at opposite sides of the bundle.

Theshingle constructions described aboveand eitherwith orwithoutthe-additional lane. 34 provide the-shingles withiactory-applied means.for insuring their adherence to underlying shingles when the roof orother surface on which they are laid is subject to normal solarradiation. The use of the fracturable adhesive of the characterdescribed permits the shingles to be bundled or packaged in asubstantially conventional manner and at the same time permits them tobe readily separated. Fracture of the adhesive necessary to separate theshingles provides clean, bright adhesive surfaces which readily adhereto rough surfaces.

Having thus described our invention in rather full detail, it will beunderstood that these details need not be strictly adhered to but thatvarious changes and modifications may suggest themselves to one skilledin the art, all falling within the scope of the invention as defined bythe subjoined claims.

What we claim is:

1. A pair of prepared asphaltic exterior covering sheets each havingfront and back surfaces and arranged with one of said surfaces of onesheet facing one of said surfaces of the other sheet, and fracturablemeans connecting the sheets together, said fracturable means comprisinga bituminous compound fracturable at no1- mal temperatures and havinghigh wetting characteristics and high adhesive characteristics undersolar radiation at normal temperatures, said compound having a ring andball softening point of the order of 175 F. to 200 F. and a penetrationat 115 F., 50 grams, 5 seconds, in the range of 5-20, said compoundbeing capable of adhering firmly to either of said surfaces exhibitingthe same compound or exhibiting a different substance and capa-'ble ofsplitting substantially medially when the sheets of a pair are separatedby fracture of said compound, so that when laid with said compoundagainst a surface, the compound will wet and adhere securely to thesurface under solar radiation at normal temperatures.

2. The invention dened in claim l, and said compound further having aviscosity, Saybolt Furol at 350 F. of 100-250 seconds and an impactresistance (impact test-1X1" x 3 diameter disc single blow at 115 F.) ofa maximum of 5.0 inch-pounds.

3. A pair of flexible covering sheets, each having front and backsurfaces and head and butt areas, a patch of cementing materialconnecting said sheets together in back-to-back relationship at theirbutts, said material comprising a bituminous compound fracturable atnormal ambient temperatures and having high wetting characteristics andhigh adhesive characteristics under solai' radiation at normaltemperatures, said ccmpound having a ring and ball softening point ofthe order of 175 F. to 200 F. and a penetration at, 115 50 grams, 5seconds, in the range of 5-20, said compound being capable of adheringrmly both to covering sheet surface areas exhibiting the same compoundand to surface areas exhibiting a different substance, whereby saidsheets are held securely together as a pair but are readily separable byfracture of said compound to present bright, clean adhesive surfaces oneach sheet for sealing the sheets together. front surface to backsurface, in the adhesive bearing areas.

4. A pair of flexible covering sheets, each having front and backsurfaces and butt and head edges, said sheets being arrangedbacx-to-back, head-to-head. and butt-to-butt, with their butt and headedges substantially in register, and

means connecting the sheets together adjacent their butt edges as thusarranged, said means comprising a bituminous compound fracturable atnormal ambient temperatures and having high wetting characteristics andhigh adhesive characteristics under solar radiation at normaltemperatures, said compound having a ring and ball softening point ofthe order of 175 F. to 200 F. and a penetration at F., 50 grams, 5seconds, in the range of 5-20.

5. The invention as defined in claim 4, in which said means comprises apatch of said compound.

6. The invention as defined in claim 4, in which said means comprises alane of said compound.

7. The invention as dened in claim 4, said compound further having aviscosity, Saybolt Furol at 350 F. of 100-250 seconds and an impactresistance (impact test -1/44 x 3 diameter disc single blow at 115 F.)of a maximum of 5.0 inchpounds.

8. The invention as defined in claim 7, in which said means comprises alane of said compound.

9. A pair of prepared asphaltic exterior covering sheets each havingfront and back surfaces and arranged with one of said surfaces of onesheet facing a corresponding one of said surfaces of the other sheet,and fracturable means connecting the sheets together, said fracturablemeans comprising a bituminous compound fracturable at normaltemperatures and having high wetting characteristics and high adhesivecharacteristics under solar radiation at normal temperatures, saidcompound having a ring and ball softening point of the order of F. to200 F. and a penetration at 115 F., 50 grams, 5 seconds, in the range of5-20, said compound being capable of adhering firmly to either of saidsurfaces exhibiting the same compound or exhibiting a differentsubstance and capable of splitting substantially medially when thesheets of a pair are separated by fracture of said compound, so thatwhen laid with said compound against a surface, the compound will Wetand adhere securely to the surface under solar radiation at normaltemperatures.

GEORGE W. CLARVOE. EDITH A. POMEROY,

Administratrice of the estate of Leudal W.

Pomeroy, deceased.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 1,848,076 Fischer Mar. 1, 1932 2,210,209 Kirschbraun Aug. 6,1940 2,228,463 Kirschbraun Jan. 14, 1941 2,395,668 Kellgren et al. Nov.3, 1941 2,300,488 Cuno Nov. 3, 1942 2,390,697 Eason Dec. 11, 19452,418,135 Moore Apr. 1, 1947 2.421.892 Kirschbraun June 10. 1947

